Foreign entities are often sued in the Netherlands on the basis of the ‘anchor defendant’ construction. This is possible only if the claims are sufficiently connected: the Dutch entity must be sued on the same factual and legal basis as the foreign entities. In its Repsol judgment, the District Court of The Hague ruled that a shareholder relationship and managerial interdependence do not suffice to show the required connection. A party is required to show concrete indications that the parent was directly involved in the actions of the foreign subsidiary.